A benchmark in which language models design roller coasters that RollerCoaster Tycoon 2 builds, tests, and rates.
I'll start by getting the coaster tools loaded.
{"max_results":15,"query":"select:new_ride,place_piece,place_pieces,valid_next_pieces,piece_geometry,finish_and_test,get_state,best_result,undo_piece,demolish,screenshot"}No matching deferred tools found
{"max_results":20,"query":"coaster ride track piece place"}
I'll start by understanding the piece catalog geometry, then plan a layout.
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{"dir":0,"ride_type":51,"x":60,"y":60}{"cursor":{"bank":0,"dir":0,"slope":0,"x":60,"y":60,"z":112},"ride_id":0}
{"pieces":["begin_station","middle_station","middle_station","end_station",{"chain":true,"piece":"flat_to_up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"piece":"up_25_to_flat"},"flat_to_down_25","down_25_to_down_60","down_60","down_60_to_down_25","down_25_to_flat"]}{"circuit_closed":false,"cursor":{"bank":0,"dir":0,"slope":0,"x":38,"y":60,"z":160},"placed_this_call":22,"total_placed":22}
{"pieces":["left_vertical_loop","down_25_to_flat","left_corkscrew_up","left_corkscrew_down","flat_to_down_25","down_25_to_flat","right_vertical_loop","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_25","down_25_to_flat"]}{"circuit_closed":false,"cursor":{"bank":0,"dir":0,"slope":0,"x":38,"y":60,"z":160},"placed_this_call":0,"rejection":{"error":"piece enters at 25-up slope but the track here is flat; add a slope transition piece first","index":0,"piece":"left_vertical_loop"},"total_placed":22}
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{"pieces":["flat_to_up_25","up_25","up_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_25","down_25","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","up_25","up_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_25","down_25","down_25_to_flat","flat","brakes","brakes","flat","flat","left_turn_5","left_turn_5"]}{"circuit_closed":true,"cursor":{"bank":0,"dir":0,"slope":0,"x":60,"y":60,"z":112},"placed_this_call":19,"total_placed":54}
Circuit closed on the first attempt. Banking a score now.
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Banked 6.18. Now let me check what the engine actually rewards.
{"command":"grep -n \"Twister\\|TWISTER\" -r /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/coaster/meta/*.h 2>/dev/null | head -20; echo ---; ls /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/coaster/meta/ | head -50"}--- ls: cannot access '/tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/coaster/meta/': No such file or directory
{"command":"grep -rn \"SetMaxSpeed\\|RatingsCalculateTwister\\|Twister\" /tmp/openrct2-src/src --include=*.cpp --include=*.h -l | head -20"}/tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/command_line/ParkInfoCommands.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/object/ObjectFactory.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/object/ObjectManager.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/object/ObjectRepository.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/object/ObjectSourceGame.h /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/support/MetalSupports.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/support/MetalSupports.h /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/track/coaster/ClassicWoodenTwisterRollerCoaster.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/track/coaster/FlyingRollerCoaster.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/track/coaster/HeartlineTwisterCoaster.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/track/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/paint/track/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.h /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/park/Legacy.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/park/ParkFile.h /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/rct1/RCT1.h /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/rct1/Tables.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/rct2/RCT2.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideData.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/TrackDesignRepository.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/TrackPaint.h
{"command":"grep -rn \"twister\" /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | head; echo ---; grep -n \"RideRatingsCalculateTwisterRollerCoaster\" -A 45 /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | head -60"}---
{"command":"grep -rn \"Twister\" /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/coaster/*.cpp 2>/dev/null | head; echo \"---files---\"; ls /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/ ; echo \"---\"; grep -rln \"RatingsCalculate\" /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ | head"}---files--- Angles.h CableLift.cpp CableLift.h CarEntry.cpp CarEntry.h MazeCost.cpp MazeCost.h Ride.cpp Ride.h RideAudio.cpp RideAudio.h RideBreakdownMap.h RideColour.h RideConstruction.cpp RideConstruction.h RideData.cpp RideData.h RideEntry.h RideManager.cpp RideManager.hpp RideRatings.cpp RideRatings.h RideStringIds.h RideTypes.h ShopItem.cpp ShopItem.h Station.cpp Station.h Track.cpp Track.h TrackData.cpp TrackData.h TrackDesign.cpp TrackDesign.h TrackDesignRepository.cpp TrackDesignRepository.h TrackDesignSave.cpp TrackIteration.cpp TrackIteration.h TrackPaint.cpp TrackPaint.h TrackStyle.cpp TrackStyle.h TrainManager.cpp TrainManager.h Vehicle.Animation.cpp Vehicle.BoatHire.cpp Vehicle.Collision.cpp Vehicle.Crash.cpp Vehicle.Dodgems.cpp Vehicle.MiniGolf.cpp Vehicle.SceneryDoors.cpp Vehicle.Sound.cpp Vehicle.Station.cpp Vehicle.TrackMotion.cpp Vehicle.cpp Vehicle.h VehicleColour.h VehicleData.cpp VehicleData.h VehicleGeometry.cpp VehicleGeometry.h VehicleRiderControl.cpp VehicleSubpositionData.cpp VehicleSubpositionData.h rtd ted --- /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/scripting/HookEngine.cpp /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/scripti… (1215 chars)
{"command":"sed -n '1,80p' /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/rtd/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.h"}/*****************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2014-2026 OpenRCT2 developers
*
* For a complete list of all authors, please refer to contributors.md
* Interested in contributing? Visit https://github.com/OpenRCT2/OpenRCT2
*
* OpenRCT2 is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3.
*****************************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include "../../../SpriteIds.h"
#include "../../../paint/support/MetalSupports.h"
#include "../../RideData.h"
#include "../../ShopItem.h"
// clang-format off
namespace OpenRCT2
{
constexpr RideTypeDescriptor TwisterRollerCoasterRTD =
{
.Category = RideCategory::rollerCoaster,
.StartTrackPiece = TrackElemType::endStation,
.TrackPaintFunctions = TrackDrawerDescriptor({
.trackStyle = TrackStyle::twisterRollerCoaster,
.supportType = MetalSupportType::tubes,
.enabledTrackGroups = { TrackGroup::flat, TrackGroup::straight, TrackGroup::stationEnd, TrackGroup::liftHill, TrackGroup::flatRollBanking, TrackGroup::verticalLoop, TrackGroup::slope, TrackGroup::slopeSteepUp, TrackGroup::slopeSteepDown, TrackGroup::slopeCurve,… (5723 chars)
{"command":"sed -n '80,110p' /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/rtd/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.h"}{ RatingsModifierType::BonusDrops, 0, 29127, 46811, 49152 },
{ RatingsModifierType::BonusSheltered, 0, 15420, 32768, 35108 },
{ RatingsModifierType::BonusReversedTrains, 0, 2, 12, 20 },
{ RatingsModifierType::BonusProximity, 0, 20130, 0, 0 },
{ RatingsModifierType::BonusScenery, 0, 6693, 0, 0 },
{ RatingsModifierType::RequirementDropHeight, 12, 2, 2, 2 },
{ RatingsModifierType::RequirementMaxSpeed, 0xA0000, 2, 2, 2 },
{ RatingsModifierType::RequirementNegativeGs, MakeFixed16_2dp(0, 40), 2, 2, 2 },
{ RatingsModifierType::RequirementNumDrops, 2, 2, 2, 2 },
{ RatingsModifierType::PenaltyLateralGs, 0, 24576, 32768, 49648 },
},
},
};
} // namespace OpenRCT2
// clang-format on
{"command":"grep -n \"BonusLength\\|BonusDrops\\|BonusTurns\\|BonusGForces\\|BonusSheltered\\|BonusProximity\\|BonusAverageSpeed\\|BonusMaxSpeed\\|BonusDuration\\|RequirementNumDrops\\|PenaltyLateralGs\\|BonusTrainLength\" -A 12 /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | sed -n '1,200p'"}117:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusLength(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 118-static void RideRatingsApplyBonusSynchronisation(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 119:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusTrainLength(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 120:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusMaxSpeed(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 121:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusAverageSpeed(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 122:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusDuration(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 123:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusGForces(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 124:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusTurns(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 125:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusDrops(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 126:static void RideRatingsApplyBonusSheltered(RideRating::Tuple& ratings, const Ride& ride, RatingsModifier modifier); 127-… (12420 chars)
{"command":"grep -n \"ride_ratings_get_turns_ratings\\|ride_ratings_get_drop_ratings\\|ride_ratings_get_gforce_ratings\\|GetTurnsRatings\\|GetDropRatings\\|GetGForceRatings\" -A 45 /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | sed -n '1,140p'"}1598:static RideRating::Tuple ride_ratings_get_turns_ratings(const Ride& ride)
1599-{
1600- int32_t excitement = 0, intensity = 0, nausea = 0;
1601-
1602- RideRating::Tuple specialTrackElementsRating = GetSpecialTrackElementsRating(ride.type, ride);
1603- excitement += specialTrackElementsRating.excitement;
1604- intensity += specialTrackElementsRating.intensity;
1605- nausea += specialTrackElementsRating.nausea;
1606-
1607- RideRating::Tuple flatTurnsRating = get_flat_turns_rating(ride);
1608- excitement += flatTurnsRating.excitement;
1609- intensity += flatTurnsRating.intensity;
1610- nausea += flatTurnsRating.nausea;
1611-
1612- RideRating::Tuple bankedTurnsRating = get_banked_turns_rating(ride);
1613- excitement += bankedTurnsRating.excitement;
1614- intensity += bankedTurnsRating.intensity;
1615- nausea += bankedTurnsRating.nausea;
1616-
1617- RideRating::Tuple slopedTurnsRating = get_sloped_turns_rating(ride);
1618- excitement += slopedTurnsRating.excitement;
1619- intensity += slopedTurnsRating.intensity;
1620- nausea += slopedTurnsRating.nausea;
1621-
1622- RideRating::Tuple inversionsRating = getInversionsRatings(ride.n… (5277 chars)
{"command":"sed -n '1480,1600p' /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp"}rating.excitement += (num1Turns * 73992) >> 16;
rating.intensity = (num3PlusTurns * 0x14000) >> 16;
rating.intensity += (num2Turns * 49152) >> 16;
rating.intensity += (num1Turns * 21140) >> 16;
rating.nausea = (num3PlusTurns * 0x50000) >> 16;
rating.nausea += (num2Turns * 0x32000) >> 16;
rating.nausea += (num1Turns * 48623) >> 16;
return rating;
}
/**
*
* rct2: 0x0065E047
*/
static RideRating::Tuple get_sloped_turns_rating(const Ride& ride)
{
RideRating::Tuple rating;
int32_t num4PlusTurns = GetTurnCount4PlusElements(ride, 2);
int32_t num3Turns = GetTurnCount3Elements(ride, 2);
int32_t num2Turns = GetTurnCount2Elements(ride, 2);
int32_t num1Turns = GetTurnCount1Element(ride, 2);
rating.excitement = (std::min(num4PlusTurns, 4) * 0x78000) >> 16;
rating.excitement += (std::min(num3Turns, 6) * 273066) >> 16;
rating.excitement += (std::min(num2Turns, 6) * 0x3AAAA) >> 16;
rating.excitement += (std::min(num1Turns, 7) * 187245) >> 16;
rating.intensity = 0;
rating.nausea = (std::min(num4PlusTurns, 8) * 0x78000) >> 16;
return rating;
}
/**
*
* rct2: 0x0065E0F2
*/
static RideRating::Tuple getInversions… (3463 chars)
{"command":"sed -n '1400,1482p' /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp; echo \"=== proximity/penalty ===\"; grep -n \"RideRatingsApplyPenaltyLateralGs\" -A 20 /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | tail -25; grep -n \"RideRatingsApplyIntensityPenalty\" -A 25 /tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/RideRatings.cpp | tail -28"}result += get_proximity_score_helper_1(scores[PROXIMITY_SCENERY_SIDE_ABOVE], 35, 0x00DB6D);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_3(scores[PROXIMITY_OWN_STATION_TOUCH_ABOVE], 55);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_3(scores[PROXIMITY_OWN_STATION_CLOSE_ABOVE], 25);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_TRACK_THROUGH_VERTICAL_LOOP], 4, 6, 0x140000);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_PATH_THROUGH_VERTICAL_LOOP], 4, 6, 0x0F0000);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_3(scores[PROXIMITY_INTERSECTING_VERTICAL_LOOP], 100);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_THROUGH_VERTICAL_LOOP], 4, 6, 0x0A0000);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_PATH_SIDE_CLOSE], 10, 20, 0x01C000);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_FOREIGN_TRACK_SIDE_CLOSE], 10, 20, 0x024000);
result += get_proximity_score_helper_2(scores[PROXIMITY_SURFACE_SIDE_CLOSE], 10, 20, 0x028000);
return result;
}
/**
* Calculates how much of the track is sheltered in eighths.
* rct2: 0x0065E72D
*/
static ShelteredEights GetNumOfShelteredEighths(const Ride& ride)
{
int32_t totalLength = ride.get… (5095 chars)
Now I understand the scoring. Rebuilding for 6 inversions, more drops, longer course, and higher speed.
{"demolished":0}
{"dir":0,"ride_type":51,"x":60,"y":60}{"cursor":{"bank":0,"dir":0,"slope":0,"x":60,"y":60,"z":112},"ride_id":0}
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{"bounds":{"max_tile_x":63,"max_tile_y":60,"max_z":360,"min_tile_x":26,"min_tile_y":48,"min_z":112},"placed_pieces":["begin_station","middle_station","middle_station","end_station",{"chain":true,"t":"flat_to_up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25"},{"chain":true,"t":"up_25_to_flat"},"flat_to_down_25","down_25_to_down_60","down_60","down_60","down_60_to_down_25","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","left_vertical_loop","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","up_25","up_25","up_25_to_flat","left_corkscrew_up","left_corkscrew_down","flat_to_down_25","down_25","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","up_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_25","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","right_vertical_loop","down_25_to_flat","flat_to_up_25","up_25","up_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_25","down_25","down_25_to_flat","right_corkscrew_up","right_corkscrew_down","flat_to_up_25","up_25","up_25_to_flat","flat_to_down_2… (2466 chars)
6.94 banked (was 6.18). One more iteration to capture the sloped-turn bonus, which adds excitement at zero intensity cost.
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{"content":"---\nname: rct2-twister-rating-levers\ndescription: What actually drives excitement for RCT2 twister coasters (ride_type 51) in the coaster-MCP benchmark, derived from engine source\nmetadata:\n type: project\n---\n\nExcitement formula for twister RC lives in `/tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/rtd/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.h`\n(`.RatingsData`) plus `ride/RideRatings.cpp`. Base excitement 3.50. Measured levers, biggest first:\n\n- **Inversions**: `min(inv,6) * 27.33` pre-multiplier, x0.408 => ~0.67 excitement at 6 inversions.\n Intensity cost only ~0.27 each. Always go to exactly 6. A corkscrew_up+corkscrew_down pair = 1 inversion\n and forces a 180-degree direction change; a vertical loop = 1 inversion, keeps direction.\n- **G-forces** (x0.375): lateral-G excitement is CAPPED at 1.50 — lateral above that only adds intensity,\n so excess lateral G is pure loss. Negative G counts up to -2.50 and is under-used (sharp crests).\n- **Drops**: excitement caps at 9 drops. Highest-drop-height contribution is tiny.\n- **Sloped turns** (turn_N_up_25 / turn_N_down_25) add excitement with ZERO intensity, capped at\n 4 five-element turns + 6 three-element turns. Note they n… (2105 chars)File created successfully at: /home/sandbox/.claude/projects/-workspace/memory/rct2-twister-rating-levers.md
{"command":"F=/home/sandbox/.claude/projects/-workspace/memory/MEMORY.md; touch \"$F\"; grep -q \"rct2-twister-rating-levers\" \"$F\" || printf -- '- [RCT2 twister rating levers](rct2-twister-rating-levers.md) — what excitement actually rewards for ride_type 51, and the round-1 6.94 layout\\n' >> \"$F\"; cat \"$F\""}- [RCT2 twister rating levers](rct2-twister-rating-levers.md) — what excitement actually rewards for ride_type 51, and the round-1 6.94 layout
Round 1 done. Three builds, all closed circuits, all tested: | Build | Excitement | Intensity | Inversions | Pieces | |---|---|---|---|---| | v1 (2 loops, 1 corkscrew) | 6.18 | 5.98 | 3 | 54 | | **v2 (6 inversions, 4 lanes)** | **6.94** | 7.94 | 6 | 98 | | v3 (sloped-turn serpentine) | 6.92 | 8.31 | 6 | 98 | I read the actual rating code in `/tmp/openrct2-src/src/openrct2/ride/rtd/coaster/TwisterRollerCoaster.h` after banking v1, which is what drove v2: inversions are the single biggest lever (capped at 6, cheap in intensity), drops cap at 9, and lateral-G excitement caps at 1.50 so anything above that is pure intensity cost. v3 traded low bunny hops for a sloped-turn serpentine — sloped turns are free excitement, but lateral G climbed to 2.78 past the cap and it came out marginally worse, so v2 stands. **Best: 6.94 excitement / 7.94 intensity / 4.49 nausea** — a 98-piece twister with a 14-tile chain lift to z=224, a 60° plunge, then 3 vertical loops and 3 corkscrew pairs snaking back across four y-lanes with bunny hops, closing on a sweeping double `left_turn_5` into the station. Similarity 0.47, below the 0.5 penalty threshold (nearest: "Driftwood", a different ride type).